BOUNDLESS EXPANSE 3D

🪐 Gravity & Orbits

N-body simulation · Velocity-Verlet · Kepler orbits emerging from F=Gm₁m₂/r²
Key formula: F = G·m₁·m₂/r² v_kreis = √(G·M/r), v_flucht = √(2·G·M/r) = v_kreis·√2

What keeps planets in their orbits? Gravity. Every planet falls toward the Sun but also moves sideways — so it never arrives, tracing an ellipse instead. The N-body simulator computes gravitational forces between all bodies at once using Velocity-Verlet integration (symplectic, minimal energy drift). Two bodies: exact Kepler orbit. Three or more: deterministic chaos. The escape velocity is exactly √2 times circular velocity.

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